The protection of environment has become one of the most burning problems of our century.
Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil we grow grain and vegetables. Every year the world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.
The pollution of air and the world"s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man"s careless interaction with nature, a sign of ecological crisis.
The most horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people in the result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in April 1986. A great damage has been done to ukraine"s agriculture, forests and people"s health.
Environmental protection is a global problem. That is why the most serious measures to create a universal system of ecological security should be taken.
The activity of various environmental organisations to help improve the situation. Among them are the Greenpeace and The Green Party.
If we are unable to learn to use the environment carefully and to protect it from destructive man"s activities, very soon we"ll have no world to live in.
VOCABULARY
environment - окружающая среда (окружение)
by-product ["baɪ,prɔdʌkt] - побочный (промежуточный) продукт
to pollute - загрязнять
harmful substances ["ha:mful "sʌbst(ə)nsɪs] - вредные вещества
to upset [ʌp"set] - нарушать
species ["spi:ʃɪz] - биол. виды
destruction - разрушение; разрушение
careless ["kɛəlɪs] interaction [,ɪntər"ækʃ(ə)n] - небрежная взаимодействие
to befall (befell, befallen) - случаться, петься
to take measures - принимать меры
QUESTIONS
1. What are the consequences of water, air pollution ?
2. Why did some species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever ?
3. What is the result of man"s careless interaction with nature?
4. What do you know about the Chernobyl disaster?
5. What should people do if they want to live on the Earth ?
Защита окружающей среды
Защита окружающей среды - это одна из острейших проблем нашей современности.
Сейчас во всем мире многие крупные города с тысячами дымных индустриальных предприятий. Побочные продукты их деятельности загрязняют воздух, которым мы дышим, воду, которую мы пьем, почва, на которой мы выращиваем зерно и овощи. Ежегодно промышленные предприятия мира выбрасывают в атмосферу примерно тысячу миллионов тонн пыли и другие вредные вещества. Многие города страдают от густого тумана с дымом и копотью. Большие леса вырубаются. их исчезновение нарушает баланс кислорода. В результате некоторые редкие виды животных, птиц, рыб и растений исчезают навсегда, множество рек и озер высыхают.
Загрязнение воздуха и мирового океана, разрушение озонового слоя - это результат небрежной взаимодействия человека с природой, признаком экологического кризиса.
Самая ужасная экологическая катастрофа постигла Украину и ее людей вследствие аварии на Чернобыльской атомной электростанции в апреле 1986 года. Большой ущерб был нанесен сельскому хозяйству, лесам и здоровью людей Украины.
Защита окружающей среды - глобальная проблема. Именно поэтому должны быть приняты самые серьезные меры для создания всемирной системы экологической безопасности.
Деятельность различных организаций, направленная на защиту окружающей среды, помогает улучшать ситуацию. Среди таких организаций - Гринпис и Партия зеленых.
Если мы не научимся использовать окружающую среду бережно и защищать его от разрушительных действий человека, очень скоро нам негде будет жить.
Environmental
Protection
Ecological problems are becoming more and more important today.
People all over the world discuss environmental protection, but
we still go on polluting air, water and soil.
Air pollution is the biggest problem of large cities and
industrial areas. It is usually caused by different means of
transport. Cars, buses and planes are among the worst air
polluters. Factories and plants also pollute air by pouring
harmful emissions into the air causing lung diseases and doing
harm to our health. As a result, acid rains appear and damage
forests and soil.
Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and give out oxygen in
return. In some parts of the world, such as Asia and South
America, trees are threatened not by pollution, but by people.
The rainforests are destroyed for firewood and building
materials. If we lose tropical forests, it will become more
difficult to breathe, because they provide 50 per cent of the
world"s annual production of oxygen. With more carbon dioxide in
the air, the temperature on the planet will rise and this will
cause global warming.
How can the problems of air pollution be solved? First of all,
people should try to use alternative sources of energy, such as
solar, water or wind energies, or at least to burn smokeless
fuels.
There are ways to reduce air pollution caused by road traffic.
It is possible to build more railways and to support public
transportation. Also, people should be encouraged to drive at
the speed limit in order to use fuel more efficiently. Another
way is to encourage tree planting, because trees absorb carbon
dioxide. Special kinds of gasoline for cars can also help to
reduce air pollution.
Water pollution is as dangerous as air pollution. Factories and
plants dump wastes into rivers and lakes polluting them. Wastes
that get into rivers, streams and oceans can entangle wildlife
or be mistaken by them for food and spread diseases to humans.
Rain or excess water can wash fertilisers into rivers and
streams, causing excess weeds to grow.
There are several things that can be done to restore polluted
waterways back to normal. You should make sure you never throw
anything that could be toxic down a drain or onto soil.
Basically, it is important to remember that anything that gets
onto the ground can eventually end up in a river, lake or
stream. So, make sure you do not allow any chemicals or waste to
go on the ground or down the drain.
Soil pollution does not allow plants to grow and makes people
sick after they eat fruit and vegetables grown on polluted soil.
People also pollute soil by throwing litter onto it. Forests are
full of used bottles and cans. Such litter can be found in
rivers and lakes too which makes wild animals sick and causes
their death. This can be stopped if you make sure that you throw
litter into recycling bins and take litter with you after a
picnic in a forest or on a river bank.
Every day we throw away a lot of litter, which, actually, we can
use again, for example paper, cloth, glass, plastic, etc.
Everybody should know the three r"s: reduce, reuse and recycle.
Water and electricity can and should be reduced. We should reuse
whatever we can: plastic bags, paper, cans, glass and bottles.
Paper and plastic, for example, are also recycled at factories
and plants and we get paper and plastic bags made from recycled
materials.
It is impossible to stop technological process, to close «all
factories and plants to prevent pollution, but people need to
invent new waste-free technologies that will not damage the
environment. There are new inventions such as self-destructible
plastic bags which turn into powder if you keep them for some
time or leave them in the forest. There are up-to-date filters
that make water and air clean and that some factories and plants
have started using to prevent pollution.
We must not ignore the problems of environmental pollution and
we have to try and make everything possible to stop or at least
reduce it.
ПЛАН-ОТВЕТ. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
1. Вступление (Ecological problems are becoming more and more
important today. People all over the world discuss environmental
protection, but we still go on polluting air, water and soil.).
2. Рассказать о типах загрязнений, почему они возникают и как
можно с ними бороться (air pollution: transport/factories and
plants/acid rains/damage forests and soil/oxygen/rainforests are
destroyed/alternative sources of energy/building more motorways,
etc.; water pollution: factories and plants dump wastes/poison
rivers/spread diseases to humans/never throw toxic things into
the drain/etc.; soil pollution: litter/used bottles and
cans/causes death of animals/throw litter into litter bins,
etc.).
3. Рассказать в общем о том, как можно сократить загрязнение
окружающей среды (three r"s/reduce water and electricity/reuse
and recycle plastic bags/paper/cans/glass, etc., new waste-free
technologies/self-destructible plastic bags/up-to-date filters,
etc.).
4. Заключение (We must not ignore the problems of environmental
pollution and we have to try and make everything possible to
stop or at least reduce it.).
QUESTIONS
1. Are the ecological problems important today?
2. What causes air pollution and what kind of emissions are
emitted into the air?
3. How can acid rain be caused?
4. How does acid rain affect our environment?
5. Why are trees important for life on earth?
6. What kind of climate changes can air pollution cause?
7. What are the ways of reducing air pollution?
8. What measures can we take to reduce air pollution by road
traffic?
9. How does water pollution occur?
10. What can be done to reduce water pollution?
11. How is land pollution caused?
12. What are the possibilities of reusing waste materials?
13. How can we get rid of waste of all kinds?
14. What can be done with litter in the streets?
15. What can people do to prevent pollution?
16. What areas does pollution affect?
17. What is the role of technology in reducing pollution?
18. What causes noise pollution and how can we reduce it?
19. What kind of protection do animals and plants need?
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
air pollution загрязнение воздуха
disposal уборка, избавление от отходов
dump сбрасывать, сливать
efficiency производительность, эффективность
emission выброс
environment окружающая среда
fossil fuel природное топливо
global warming глобальное потепление
leak утечка; протекать
litter bin мусорный бак
noise pollution шумовое загрязнение
poison яд
poisonous ядовитый
pollute загрязнять
pollution загрязнение
pollutant загрязнитель
rubbish/litter мусор
sewage сточные воды
soil pollution загрязнение почвы
storage хранилище
store хранить
waste отходы
waste disposal утилизация отходов
water pollution загрязнение воды
Человечество слишком долго ведет себя на планете как неразумный хозяин. Создавая удобства для комфортной жизни, мы напрочь забыли о том, что ресурсы природы вовсе не безграничны. Что жить в городах с грязным воздухом, придется нашим детям. Настало время вспомнить о том, что природа не прощает ошибок. Мы должны позаботиться о ней, вспомнить, что мы сами — часть этой природы. So, is it ok to bite the hand that feeds?
Essay on Environmental Protection
Our planet Earth is only a tiny part of the universe, and it is so far the only place where human beings can live.We always polluted our surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a huge problem. People lived in the countryside and couldn’t produce such amount of pollution that would lead to a dangerous situation on a global scale.
With the development of industrial cities, which create huge amounts of pollutants, the problem has become real. Nowadays our planet is in serious danger. Global warming, acid rains, air and water pollution, overpopulation are the problems that threaten human lives on the Earth.
Every year world industry pollutes the air that we breathe with. A great number of cities suffer from smog. Rainforests are cut down. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result, some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants are extinct. A lot of seas, rivers and lakes are filled with poison like industrial and nuclear wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The pollution of air and the world"s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man"s careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crisis.
People should consider their attitude to the environment. Some progress has already been made in this direction. Numerous conferences have been held by a lot of agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass and Chernobyl. Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.
What can we do to save our planet? First of all, people should switch to alternative forms of power, such as solar power or wind power. Secondly, the use of atomic power must be banned. Thirdly, we need to recycle. It’s the art of turning waste into new products. It would be a good idea if people started riding bicycles instead of driving cars. We are obliged to protect nature. If everybody cares, it will make a difference.
Сочинение на тему Защита окружающей среды
Наша планета Земля — всего лишь крошечная часть вселенной, и на данный момент это единственное место, где могут жить люди.Мы всегда загрязняли окружающую среду. Но до сих пор загрязнение не было такой огромной проблемой. Люди жили в сельской местности и не могли производить такое огромное количество загрязнения, которое могло бы привести к опасной ситуации в глобальном масштабе.
С развитием промышленных городов, которые производят огромное количество загрязняющих веществ, проблема стала реальной. В наши дни наша планета находится в серьезной опасности. Глобальное потепление, кислотные дожди, загрязнение воздуха и воды, перенаселенность — это проблемы, которые угрожают жизни людей на Земле.Каждый год мировая промышленность загрязняет воздух, которым мы дышим. Огромное количество городов страдает от смога. Тропические леса вырубаются. Их исчезновение нарушает баланс кислорода. В результате исчезают редкие виды животных, птиц, рыб и растений. Много морей, рек и озер заполнены ядом: промышленными и ядерными отходами, химическими удобрениями и пестицидами. Загрязнение воздуха и мирового океана, разрушение озонового слоя является следствием небрежного взаимодействия человека с природой, признаком экологического кризиса.
Люди должны обдумать свое отношение к окружающей среде. В этом направлении уже достигнут определенный прогресс. Различные организации проводят многочисленные конференции для обсуждения проблем, с которыми сталкиваются экологически бедные регионы, включая Аральское море, Южный Урал, Кузбасс, Донбасс и Чернобыль. Организация «Гринпис» также делает много для сохранения окружающей среды.
Что мы можем сделать, чтобы спасти нашу планету? Прежде всего, люди должны переключиться на альтернативные формы энергии, такие как солнечная энергия или энергия ветра. Во-вторых, использование атомной энергии должно быть запрещено. В-третьих, нам нужно перерабатывать. Это искусство превращения отходов в новые продукты. Было бы неплохо, если бы люди начали кататься на велосипедах, а не водить автомобили. Мы обязаны защищать природу. Если все будут заботится, это изменит ситуацию.
Похожие сочинения
In recent years the number of environmental problems has increased greatly. One of the most dangerous problems for our planet is global warming which means that most climates all over the world are changing and getting warmer. It happens because we burn too much petrol resources, such as oil and coal, and the Earth heats up. This process can cause melting of the polar ice and the sea level rising in the future. If the climate changes there will be floods, heavy storms or severe droughts in different areas of the world. Cutting down on exhaust fumes from vehicles could help solve this serious problem.
Our planet is overpopulated, that’s why we are using up our natural resources – they are not endless. So the scientists have started looking for some alternate forms of energy such as water, wind, sunlight and even tides. These resources are clean, natural and unlimited. I’m glad that modern automobile industries make hybrids which use electric or solar energy instead of petrol. It would definitely help protect our environment from pollution.
There are different kinds of environmental pollution: air pollution, water pollution, land pollution. Sadly, not all human beings realize or admit that we are the ones who cause these problems and we should be the first to stop them and protect our environment. Because of the industrial revolution the air is polluted with awful chemicals; seas and oceans are poisoned with oil spills. Many rare species of flora and fauna are threatened with extinction.
We should be proud to live on our wonderful planet and understand that the consequences of pollution might be terrible and affect us and our children later. We should start recycling things made of glass, paper, plastic and aluminium. We should stop smoking and plant as many trees as we can because they can give us more oxygen. We need to drive less and use public transport in order to reduce fuel burning. We are responsible for the situation.
Проблемы окружающей среды
В последние годы число проблем окружающей среды сильно возросло. Одной из самых опасных проблем для нашей планеты является глобальное потепление, которое означает изменение климата по всему миру и его потепление. Это происходит оттого, что мы сжигаем слишком много топливных ресурсов, таких как нефть и уголь, и Земля нагревается. Этот процесс может привести к таянию полярного льда и повышению уровня моря в будущем. Если изменится климат, произойдут наводнения, сильные штормы или жестокие засухи в разных частях света. Сокращение выхлопных газов транспортных средств могло бы способствовать разрешению этой серьезной проблемы.
Наша планета перенаселена, поэтому мы расходуем до предела наши природные ресурсы – они не бесконечны. Так ученые приступили к поискам альтернативных форм энергии, таких как вода, ветер, солнечный свет и даже приливы. Эти источники чисты, естественны и бесконечны. Я рад, что современная автомобильная промышленность выпускает гибриды, использующие электрическую или солнечную энергию вместо бензина. Это обязательно поможет защите нашей среды от загрязнения.
Существуют разные виды загрязнения окружающей среды: загрязнение воздуха, воды и почвы. К сожалению, не все люди осознают или признают, что именно мы создаем эти проблемы, и мы должны быть первыми, кто остановит их и защитит наше окружение. Из-за промышленной революции воздух загрязнен ужасными химикатами; моря и океаны отравлены разливами нефти. Многие редкие виды флоры и фауны находятся под угрозой вымирания.
Нам нужно гордиться тем, что мы живем на нашей замечательной планете, и следует понимать, что последствия загрязнения могут быть страшными и воздействовать на нас и наших детей позже. Нам нужно перерабатывать изделия из стекла, бумаги, пластика и алюминия. Нужно бросать курить и сажать как можно больше деревьев для того, чтобы они вырабатывали для нас больше кислорода. Мы должны меньше водить машины и стараться пользоваться общественным транспортом, чтобы снизить количество сжигаемого топлива. Мы ответственны за ситуацию.
Computers project that between now and the year of 2030 we are going to have increase of the average temperature between 1,5 — 4,5 Degrees C. Sea levels would rise by several metres, flooding coastal areas and ruining vast tracts of farmland. Huge areas would be infertile and become uninhabitable. Water contamination could lead to shortages of safe drinking water. It looks like the end of civilization on the Earth. For hundreds of thousands of years the human race has thriven in Earth"s environment.
But now, at the end of the 20th century, we are at a crucial turning point. We have upset nature"s sensitive equilibrium releasing harmful substances into the air, polluting rivers and oceans with industrial waste and tearing up the countryside to accommodate our rubbish. These are the consequences of the development of civilization. We are to stop it by joint efforts of all the people of the world. The range of environmental problems is wide.
But the matters of people"s great concern nowadays are atmosphere and climate changes, depletion of the ozone layer, freshwater resources, oceans and coastal areas, deforestation and desertification, biological diversity, biotechnology, health and chemical safety. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) concentrates its activities on these issues. Acid Rains One of the most alarming forms of air pollution is acid rain. It results from the release into the atmosphere of sulphur and nitrogen oxides that react with water droplets and return to earth in the form of acid rain, mist or snow.
Acid rain iskilling forests (Nearly every species of tree is affected) It has acidified lakes and streams and they can"t support fish, wildlife, plants or insects. Depletion of the Ozone Layer The protective layer of the Earth, the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun"s destructive UV (ultraviolet) rays, is being damaged by CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons). They are released by the daily use of industrial and household products: refrigerators, air conditioners, foam insulation, cleaning chemicals, food packaging. In the ozone layer they attack the ozone molecules making a «hole». This «hole» allows more UV rays to penetrate to the Earth. It increases the risk of skin cancer, weakens the immune system of people.
Besides, UV rays influence the oceans, the growth of plankton, an essential part of the marine-life food chain in the negative way, reduce economically important-crops (rice, cotton, soy beans).
The life cycle is going to be undermined by the ozone. Destruction of the Tropical Forest It"s generally agreed that the destruction of the tropical forest has a major impact on the world climate. The tropical rain forest is a natural recycler, provider and protector for our planet. It recycles carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, helps determine temperature, rainfall and other climatic conditions and supports the most diverse ecosystem in the world. Deforestation could cause one forth of all species on earth to vanish in the next 25 years.
These forests in Amazonia, South-East Asia and West and Central Africa are being destroyed at an alarming rate of 42 million acres per year. Measures to Be Taken We have only a few years to attempt to turn things around. We must review our wasteful, careless ways, we must consume less, recycle more, conserve wildlife and nature, act according to the dictum «think locally, think globally, act locally».
